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This is a form of mechanical turbulence
that occurs in the boundary layer of the atmosphere. It is caused by the
frictional effects of air traveling over the earth’s surface. A relatively
smooth, uncluttered ground will produce low levels of turbulence, while a
rough ground will impart more turbulence into the moving air.
| Terrain
Type |
Roughness
Condition |
Turbulence
Intensity |
Ranking |
| Open Country, Flat
Shoreline |
Smooth |
0.07 |
4 |
| Farmland, Scattered Trees
& Buildings |
Smooth |
0.12 |
3 |
| Woodland, Suburb |
Intermediate |
0.22 |
2 |
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Atmospheric Effects Table
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